Weight Loss Surgery: What Are The Options?
To understand how surgical procedures aid the grossly overweight person to reduce their body fat, it helps to first understand the digestive process that is responsible for handling the food we take in.
Once food is chewed and swallowed, it’s on its way through the digestive tract, where enzymes and digestive juices will break it down and allow our systems to absorb the nutrients and calories. In the stomach, which can hold up to three pints of material, the breakdown continues with the help of strong acids. From there it moves into the duodenum, and the digestive process speeds up through the addition of bile and pancreatic juices. It’s here, that our body absorbs the majority of iron and calcium in the foods we eat. The final part of the digestive process takes place in the 20 feet of small intestine, the jejunum and the ileum, where calorie and nutrient absorption is completed, and any unused particles of food are then shunted into the large intestine for elimination.
Weight loss procedures involve bypassing, or in some way circumventing the full digestive process. They range from simple reduction of the amount you can eat, to major bypasses in the digestive tract. To qualify for many of these surgeries, a person must be termed “morbidly obese”, that is, weighing at least 100 lbs. over the appropriate weight for their height and general body structure.
Gastric Bypass
In the mid 1960s, Dr. Edward E. Mason discovered that women who had undergone partial stomach removal as the result of peptic ulcers, failed to gain weight afterwards. From this observation, grew the trial use of stapling across the top of the stomach, to reduce its actual capacity to about three tablespoons. The stomach filled quickly, and eventually emptied into the lower portion, completing the digestive process in the normal way. Over the years, the surgery evolved into what is now known as the Roux-en-y Gastric Bypass. Instead of partitioning the stomach, it is divided and separated from the rest, with staples. The small intestine is then cut at approximately 18″ below the stomach, and attached to the “new”, small stomach. Smaller meals are then eaten, and the digested food moves directly into the lower part of the bowel. As weight loss surgeries are viewed overall, this is considered one of the safest, offering long-term management of obesity.
Gastric Banding
A procedure that produces basically the same results as the stomach stapling/bypass, and is also classed as a “restrictive” surgery. The first operations, involved a non-flexing band placed around the upper part of the stomach, below the esophagus, creating an hourglass shaped stomach, the upper portion being reduced to the same 3-6 ounce capacity. As technologies advanced, the band became more flexible, incorporating an inflatable balloon, which when triggered by a reservoir placed in the abdomen, was capable of inflating to cut down the size of the stoma, or deflating to enlarge it. Laparoscopic surgery means smaller scars, and less invasion of the digestive tract.
Biliopancreatic Diversion
A combination of the gastric bypass, and Roux-en-y re-structuring, that bypasses a significant section of the small intestine, thereby creating the probability of malabsorption. The stomach is reduced in size, and an extended Roux-en-y anastomosis is attached to the smaller stomach, and lower down on the small intestine than is normal. This permits the patient to eat larger amounts, but still achieve weight loss through malabsorption. Professor Nicola Scopinaro, University of Genoa, Italy, developed the technique, and last year published the first long-term results. They showed an average 72% loss of excess body weight, maintained over 18 years, the best long-term results of any bariatric surgical procedure, to date. BPD patients require lifelong follow-ups to monitor calcium and vitamin intake. The advantages of being able to eat more and still lose weight, are countered by loose or foul smelling stools, flatus, stomal ulcers, and possible protein malnutrition.
Jejuno-Ileal Bypass
One of the first weight loss procedures for the grossly obese, was developed in the 1960s, a strictly malabsorptive method of reducing weight, and preventing gain. The jejuno-ileal bypass reduced the lower digestive tract to a mere 18″ of small intestine, from the natural 20 feet, a critical difference when it came to absorption of calories and nutrients. In the end-to-end method, the upper intestine was severed below the stomach, and re-attached to the small intestine much lower down, which had also been severed, thereby “cutting out”, the majority of the intestine. Malabsorption of carbohydrate, protein, lipids, minerals and vitamins, led to a variation, the end-to-side bypass, which took the end of the upper portion, and attached it to the side of the lower portion, without severing at that point. Reflux of bowel contents into the non-functioning upper portion of small bowel, resulted in more absorption of essential nutrients, but also less weight loss, and increased weight gain, post-surgery. As a result of the bypass, fatty acids are dumped in the colon, producing an irritation that causes water and electrolytes to flood the bowel, ending in chronic diarrhea. The bile salt pool necessary to keeping cholesterol in solution is reduced by malabsorption and loss through stool. As a consequence, cholesterol concentration in the gall bladder rises, increasing the risk of stones. Multiple vitamin losses are a major concern, and may result in bone thinning, pain and fractures. Approximately one third of patients experience an adjustment in the size and thickness of the remaining active small intestine, which increases the absorption of nutrients, and balances out the weight loss. However, over the long term, all patients undergoing this bypass are susceptible to hepatic cirrhosis. In the early 1980s, one study showed that approximately 20% of those who had undergone JIB, required conversion to another bypass alternative. The procedure has since been largely abandoned, as having too many risk factors.
While surgical methods of reducing weight are valuable to the morbidly obese, they are not without risks. Patients may require more bed rest post-surgery, resulting in an increased chance of blood clots. Pain may also cause reduced depth of breathing, and complications such as pneumonia.
Before undergoing any fat/weight reduction surgery, a severely overweight person needs to thoroughly understand the benefits and risks, and must make a commitment to their future health. Having a smaller stomach is not going to stop the chronic sugar-snacker, from “grazing” on high calorie sweets. Nor does a steady supply of pop, concentrated sweet juices and milk shakes, reduce the calorie intake. With some bypass surgeries, certain foods can aggravate side-effects that need not be that severe, if common sense diets are adhered to. Surgery can be a “shortcut” to weight loss, but it can also reduce your enjoyment of life, if you are unable to adhere to the regimens that go with it.
Watch This Amazing Videos
To Learn How To Lose Weight Fast
Best And The Fastest Weight Loss Program You Need From Here
Keywords: ,weight loss,weight loss tips,weight loss motivation,weight loss plateau,weight loss program,weight loss pills,weight loss surgery,weight loss workout,weight loss products,weight loss challenge,weight loss apps,weight loss affiliate programs,weight loss after pregnancy,weight loss app,weight loss after baby,weight loss after birth,weight loss aids,weight loss after c section,weight loss after delivery,weight loss and breastfeeding,weight loss before and after,weight loss blog,weight loss blogs,weight loss body wraps,weight loss breakfast,weight loss before and after tumblr,weight loss belt,weight loss boot camp,weight loss breakfast ideas,weight loss breastfeeding,weight loss challenge,weight loss calculator,weight loss calorie calculator,weight loss camp in egypt,weight loss causes,weight loss calculator calories,weight loss cleanse,weight loss clinic,weight loss chart,weight loss coffee,weight loss diet,weight loss drinks,weight loss diet plan,weight loss drugs,weight loss drug,weight loss detox,weight loss diets,weight loss during pregnancy,weight loss diet chart,weight loss drops,weight loss exercises at home,weight loss email list,weight loss exercises,weight loss exercise,weight loss exercise plan,weight loss eating plan,weight loss exercise program,weight loss exercise routine,weight loss exercise programs,weight loss exercise calculator,weight loss forum,weight loss food,weight loss fast,weight loss food plan,weight loss fruits,weight loss forums,weight loss for dummies,weight loss fruit,weight loss facts,weight loss for dogs,weight loss gym routine,weight loss grocery list,weight loss green tea,weight loss goals,weight loss guide,weight loss garcinia cambogia,weight loss graph,weight loss groups,weight loss gummies,weight loss green store tea,weight loss hypnosis,weight loss help,weight loss herbs,weight loss home remedies,weight loss hypnotherapy,weight loss hypnosis reviews,weight loss heart rate,weight loss hcg,weight loss home remedies 10 days,weight loss hot pants,weight loss in ramadan,weight loss inspiration,weight loss injections,how to lose weight in a week,weight loss in cats,weight loss ideas,weight loss in dogs,weight loss inspirational quotes,weight loss in pregnancy,how to lose weight in 7 days,weight loss journey,weight loss juice recipes,weight loss journal,weight loss juice cleanse,weight loss juice recipe,weight loss journey blog,weight loss juice diet,weight loss juice fast,how to jumpstart weight loss,weight loss jokes,weight loss ketosis,weight loss kits,weight loss knoxville tn,weight loss kick start,weight loss keywords,weight loss karne ke tarike,weight loss ketogenic diet,weight loss knee pain,weight loss kentucky,weight loss kenya,weight loss loose skin,weight loss lunch,weight loss low carb,weight loss liquid diet,weight loss laxatives,weight loss log,weight loss life hacks,weight loss lifting,weight loss lexapro,weight loss las vegas,weight loss motivation,weight loss method corrosion,weight loss meal plans,weight loss medication,weight loss meals,weight loss motivation quotes,weight loss motivation tumblr,weight loss menu,weight loss meal replacement shakes,weight loss methods,weight loss naturally,weight loss nutrition,weight loss news,weight loss nhs,weight loss nz,weight loss nutribullet recipes,weight loss no exercise,weight loss nutritionist,weight loss near me,weight loss newborn,weight loss operations,weight loss options,weight loss over 50,weight loss on paleo,weight loss over 40,weight loss on zoloft,weight loss one month,weight loss on atkins,weight loss oils,weight loss online,weight loss plateau,weight loss program,weight loss pills,weight loss products,weight loss plan,weight loss pdf,weight loss pictures,weight loss pills that work fast,weight loss quotes,weight loss quick,weight loss quiz,weight loss quick tips,weight loss questions,weight loss quit drinking,weight loss quotes tumblr,weight loss quotes pinterest,weight loss quotes funny,weight loss questionnaire,weight loss resorts,weight loss routine,weight loss recipes,weight loss resources,weight loss retreats,weight loss remedies,weight loss retreat,weight loss running,weight loss reasons,weight loss running plan,weight loss surgery,weight loss supplements,weight loss success stories,weight loss surgeries,weight loss simulator,weight loss smoothies,weight loss surgery options,weight loss shakes,weight loss soup,weight loss smoothies recipes,weight loss tips,weight loss tumblr,weight loss tips in urdu,weight loss transformation,weight loss tablets,weight loss tea,weight loss tips in hindi,weight loss tracker,weight loss tricks,weight loss tips in tamil,weight loss unexplained,weight loss uk,weight loss using treadmill,weight loss urdu,weight loss using honey,weight loss utah,weight loss urination,weight loss upamanyu chatterjee,weight loss unlocked review,weight loss urine smell,weight loss vitamins,weight loss videos,weight loss vegetables,weight loss vacations,weight loss vs fat loss,weight loss vegan,weight loss vegetarian,weight loss vegetable soup,weight loss vegetarian meal plan,weight loss vegetarian diet,weight loss workout,weight loss workout plan,weight loss wraps,lose weight without exercise,weight loss workout plans,weight loss workout routine,weight loss while breastfeeding,weight loss websites,weight loss wrap,weight loss water,weight loss xls,weight loss xanax,weight loss calculator,weight loss xyngular,weight loss xls max,weight loss x,weight loss xenical,weight loss xenadrine,weight loss xls medical,weight loss xiphoid process,weight loss youtube,weight loss yoga,weight loss yoga for beginners,weight loss yoga poses,weight loss yoga exercises,weight loss yoga videos,weight loss yoga dvd,weight loss yoga in hindi,weight loss yoga routine,weight loss yahoo answers,weight loss zoloft,weight loss zumba,weight loss zone,weight loss zumba dance,weight loss zumba workout,weight loss zone diet,weight loss zija,weight loss zero carb diet,weight loss zantrex black,weight loss zyprexa